Showing posts with label Homer. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Homer. Show all posts

Thursday, April 19, 2012

Achilles weeps for Patroclus



So the fighting raged, while swift-footed Antilochus brought the news to Achilles. He found him in front of the high-sterned ships, agonising over the war, communing anxiously with his proud heart: ‘What woe is this? Why are the long-haired Greeks in flight? Why are they being driven back once more from the plain to the ships? Is this another sorrow sent by the gods, one that my mother prophesied? Did she not say that while I still lived the best of the Myrmidons would forgo the light of day at Trojan hands? Is Patroclus dead, in his rashness: despite my warning, to return to the ships once the fire was out, and not to battle Hector?’

He was lost like this in reflection, when Antilochus, bathed in scalding tears, brought the bitter news: ‘Alas, warlike son of Peleus, sad are the tidings you must hear. Would it were not so, but Patroclus has fallen, and they fight over his corpse, his naked corpse, for Hector of the gleaming helm has your armour.’

At these words, a black cloud of grief shrouded Achilles. Grasping handfuls of dark sand and ash, he poured them over his head and handsome face, soiling his scented tunic. Then he flung himself in the dust, and lying there outstretched, a fallen giant, tore and fouled his hair. The slave girls he and Patroclus had seized as prizes, shrieked with alarm, and ran to warlike Achilles, beating their breasts and sinking to the ground beside him. Antilochus, weeping and groaning, grasped Achilles’ hand, fearing he might take his knife and cut his own throat, so heart-felt was his noble grief.

[Translation from A S Kline's Poetry in Translation]

Sunday, May 30, 2010

Know thyself


The Greeks were extraordinary. 1000 years BC, Homer (or somebody, they're still disagreeing about whether it was one or more men, and just how much he took over from original culture and how much he made up from whole cloth himself) wrote the Odyssey and the Iliad. These are among the most sublime poems ever written. They were written in an archaic Greek dialect, which was different (though not very) to the language spoken by the average Athenian of 500 BC. If you never do anything else, try and learn some Homeric Greek, a "gateway to paradise" (Which reminds me of what a French courtier is reputed to have said when informed by a beauty at the court of Louis XIV that she wasn't wearing undies, "Madame, I cannot tell you how pleased I am that the doorway to paradise is always open") A city of just 30,000 male citizens with a total population of perhaps 200,000 includings slaves, metics (foreigners) and women produced a cultural efflorescence which still echoes today across the entire globe.

They had many pithy sayings and phrases (itself a Greek word!)

This particular one comes from the classical period, 500-400 BC. Gnothi seauton (or sauton). 'Know thyself'. 'Gno' is from the same Indo-European root as 'know' (we once pronounced the 'k'). Compare the Scottish/German/Dutch 'ken'. The Latin word in 'Gnosco', where the 'sc' represents what the grammarians call an 'inceptive', i.e., a 'get to' So the Latin originally meant 'get to know'. With co(m) in front it's come into English as 'cognoscenti' (Italian = people who know), 'cognisances' etc. and with 're' in front of that, 'reconnaissance' ('finding out') , 'recognize' and so on.

The 'se' or 's' represents 'you, singular'. 'auton' means self ('automobile' = a self-mover). So 'sauton/seauton' means thyself. By the way, the 'thou/thy' of Middle English (and still used today in Yorkshire) is classic Indo-European. The Greek 'su' for 'thou' (Latin 'tu', German 'du', Russian 'tyi', Sanskrit 'tva') moved via an intermediate stage 'tsu' to 'su'.

There you have it. You'll soon be fluent.

The image (which dates from classical Greece) shows two men about to kiss at a dinner. Filthy perves.